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Annealing/Normalising
Annealing is a heat treatment process which alters the microstructure of a material to change its mechanical or electrical properties. Typically, in steels, annealing is used to reduce hardness, increase ductility and help eliminate internal stresses. Annealing is a generic term and may refer to subcritical, intermediate or full annealing in a variety of atmospheres.
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Recrystallisation
Recyrstallisation annealing is applied to cold-worked metal to obtain nucleation and growth of new grains without phase change.
Normalising
Through normalising the steel can obtain a more fine-grained homogeneous structure with predictable properties and machinability.
Subcritical annealing
The soft annealing process forms an even distribution of spheroidal carbides in the steel, which will make the material softer and tougher.
Soft annealing
A high temperature heat treatment process performed around A1, the aim of which is to make a material as soft as possible.